What is a water heater anode rod (and what does it do)?

Understanding the function of an anode rod.

A water heater anode rod is a crucial but often overlooked component designed to protect your water heater tank from corrosion. It's typically made of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, or zinc. 

An anode rod works through a process called sacrificial anode corrosion or electrolysis. Essentially, the rod attracts corrosive elements in the water, such as minerals and impurities, preventing them from attacking the steel tank of the water heater. Instead, these elements corrode the anode rod, which ultimately “sacrifices” itself to extend the lifespan of the water heater.

An anode rod consists of a steel core surrounded by a more reactive metal, such as aluminum or magnesium. As the water heater operates, electrolysis causes the sacrificial metal to degrade over time, protecting the steel tank from corrosion.

Without a functioning anode rod, the steel tank becomes vulnerable to electrolysis, leading to leaks, inefficiency, and ultimately, the need for costly repairs or replacement.

Signs of a failing water heater anode rod.

Regular inspection and maintenance of the anode rod are essential to ensure your water heater's continued efficiency and longevity. Ignoring the anode rod's condition can lead to your water heater's premature failure (as well as pricey repairs).

Signs of a failing anode rod include:

• Rotten egg odor in your water
• Rust-colored water 
• Visible corrosion on the rod itself

If you notice any of these symptoms, it's crucial to inspect and, if necessary, replace the anode rod promptly.

Neglecting a worn-out anode rod can result in accelerated corrosion of the water heater tank, leading to leaks and potential water damage to your home. Additionally, a compromised anode rod can cause the water heater to operate less efficiently, resulting in higher energy bills.

How often should you replace your anode rod?

To maintain optimal performance, it's recommended to inspect the anode rod every 6 to 12 months and replace it every 3 to 5 years, depending on water quality and usage.

Tips for maintaining and preserving the anode rod.

Regularly checking and replacing the anode rod is essential, especially in areas with hard water or high mineral content. By staying proactive, you can prevent costly damage to your water heater and prolong its lifespan.

Inspect your anode rod.

When inspecting your anode rod, first locate the access point on top of your water heater tank. Then, remove the rod for visual inspection. If the rod shows signs of significant corrosion or deterioration, it's time to replace it. Here's a good rule of thumb: If more than 50% of the anode is depleted, replace it. 

Flush your water heater.

In addition to inspecting your anode rod, you should also flush your water heater. Flushing your water heater annually helps remove sediment and mineral buildup, which can accelerate the deterioration of anode rods.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions to safely drain and flush your water heater. This practice not only improves the performance of your water heater but also reduces the strain on the anode rod.

How to safely replace a water heater anode rod.

If it's time to replace your anode rod, get a new one. Consider your water heater type and local water quality when choosing a replacement. Magnesium rods are suitable for soft water, while aluminum rods are better for hard water.

Here are the steps to replace an anode rod in your water heater safely:

1. Turn off the power.
2. Drain the water heater tank.
3. Locate and remove the anode rod.
4. Install the new rod.
5. Close the drain valve and remove the hose.
6. Restore the power.

Hire a pro to inspect your water heater.

Ensuring the optimal performance and safety of your water heater is crucial for the comfort and well-being of your household. Don't wait until an issue arises. By regularly checking and replacing the anode rod, you can prolong the life of your water heater and avoid costly repairs down the road.

If you'd prefer to leave the job to a trusted professional in your area, consider downloading the Thumbtack app. With Thumbtack, you can easily connect with top-rated plumbers who specialize in water heater maintenance and repair. Start searching for a professional today.